Tutela Prep | ISC Business Studies

Business is a dynamic process that brings together technology, natural resources, and human initiative in a constantly changing global environment. For someone to understand the framework with which a business operates, a detailed study of the organization and management of business processes and their interaction with the environment is required.

The Aim of the Subject-

To allow candidates to know the basic structure of a business organization.
To acquaint candidates with the various functions conducted by the business organization.
To provide preliminary practice on the functional aspects of an official organization.
To provide candidates with a preliminary idea of an office environment.

Topics in the Subject:

Class XI

Part 1 (30 marks) will consist of compulsory short answer questions testing knowledge, application, and skills relating to elementary/fundamental aspects of the entire syllabus.
Part 2 (70 marks) will consist of seven questions out of which candidates will be r required to answer five questions, each carrying 14 marks.

The Office

Specific Objectives – At the end of this section pupils should be able to –

Understand the process of evolution of the modern office.
Describe the functions of an office.
Enlist various services essential for the functioning of an office.
Differentiate between centralization and decentralization of office services.
Identify and define the functions of various departments of a large office.

(i) Meaning and evolution of the modern office.

(ii) Functions of an office.

(iii) Office services – secretarial support, record management, distribution of mail, control of stationery, reception, operation of switchboards, duplicating and copying, etc.

(iv) Centralization or decentralization of office services. Departments in a large office: production; personnel; marketing; finance and accounting; secretarial.

(vi) Role of the office as an information processing centre.

(vii) Office Manager: functions and his qualities.

Office Accommodation and Environment-

Specific Objectives: At the end of this section pupils should be able to –

Explain the factors to be considered at the time of selecting an office accommodation.
Identify the principles and purposes of an office layout.
Describe the advantages and defects of open and private office layouts.
Describe the special features of the landscaped office.
State the environmental factors that affect working in an office.

(i) Meaning of office accommodation.

(ii) Principles and factors involved in the selection of office site.

(iii) Office layout: meaning; purposes; principles; steps; types.

(iv) Physical factors: outline of the effects of – lighting, ventilation, noise, cleanliness, etc. on the office work.

Organizing an Office

Specific Objectives: at the end of this section, pupils should be able to –

Define the term organization.
Explain the principles of organization.
State the steps in organizing an office.
Explain the meaning of departmentalization.
Identify the basis of methods of departmentalization.
Identify the types of organizations and explain their features.
Compare and contrast the types of organizations.

(i) Meaning and importance of organization.

(ii) Steps in the organization of the office.

(iii) Principles of organization.

(iv) Types of organizations – line, functional, line and staff, committee.

(v) Features of the above organization structures.

(vi) Meaning of departmentalization.

(vii) Methods of departmentalization (function, territory, process, production, or service).

(viii) Visual presentation of – organization; structure (organization chart – meaning, purpose, and type of organization charts).

Authority and Responsibility-

Specific Objectives: At the end of this section Pupil should be able to –

Define the terms Authority, Responsibility, and Accountability
Distinguish between the above terms.
State the sources of authority.
Explain the meaning of and principles of delegation of authority.
Distinguish between the centralization and decentralization of authority.
Explain the meaning and purposes of office manuals.

(i) Meaning of – authority; responsibility; accountability and their inter-relationship.

(ii) Sources of authority.

(iii) Meaning of delegation.

(iv) Principles/rules of delegation of authority.

(v) Distinction between centralization and decentralization of authority.

Office Records Management-

Specific Objectives: At the end of this section pupils should be able to –

Identify the major features of good records management.
Identify and compare the different methods of main filing classification.
Describe different types of filing and indexing equipment.
Appreciate the concept of electronic filing.
Describe the different types of microform storage.
Explain the main features of microfilm equipment.
Outline a procedure for filing.
Explain follow-up procedures and absent file records.
Explain the need for retention and destruction policies for records.

(i) Meaning of Records Management and its essential features.

(ii) Filing – characteristics of a good filing system; classification of records for filing (alphabetical, numerical, etc.); modern methods – vertical, horizontal, lateral, and suspension; equipment; types of files; filing routine; disposal of obsolete documents.

(iii) Indexing: importance; types – page index, card index, strip index, rotary index.

(iv) Micro-filing: merits and demerits; types – roll film, fiche, jackets, etc.

(v) Meaning of electronic filing.

Office Reprography-

Specific Objectives: At the end of this section pupils should be able to-

Distinguish between different types of reprographic processes.
Describe different types of copies.
Describe different duplication processes.
Suggest appropriate reprographic equipment for different tasks.
Explain the benefits of in-house printing.
Describe the features of different types of printing.
Explain the use of carbon paper and other use of carbon copying.
Explain the use and features of printing typewriters.

(i) Methods of duplicating: spirits or hectograph stencil or mimeograph/ink; offset lithography.

(ii) Types of photocopying; reflex, diazo, electrostatic, dual spectrum, etc.

(iii) Printing: considerations for the choice between in-house and outside printing; offset printing and letterpress printing.

(iv) Typewriters: manual; electric; automatic; electronic.

Office Automation

Specific Objectives: At the end of this section pupils should be able to –

Explain the difference between office automation and office mechanization.
Explain the benefits and difficulties of office automation.
Explain the use of computers, calculators, and adding machines in office automation.
Appreciate the terms used in automation.

(i) Meaning of office automation.

(ii) Merits and demerits of office automation.

(iii) Uses of – adding and listing machines; calculators; cash registers; computers.

(iv) Components of computers for processing data: input units; central processing unit; output units; backing store.

(v) Elementary knowledge of the types of computers: mainframe, mini, micro.

Class XII

Part 1 (30 marks) will consist of compulsory short answer questions testing knowledge, application, and skills relating to elementary/fundamental aspects of the entire syllabus.
Part 2 (70 marks) will consist of seven questions out of which candidates will be required to answer five questions, each carrying 14 marks.

Staff-

Specific Objectives – At the end of this section pupils should be able to-

Explain staff selection procedures.
State the importance and methods of staff training.
Describe the indicators of low morale and the
Methods of raising morale.
Describe different types of staff remuneration methods.
Distinguish between different leadership styles.
Identify the purpose, merits, and methods of the staff appraisal.
Explain the need for a promotion policy for staff.
Understand the meaning and importance of staff promotion and transfer.
Enlist the grounds for staff dismissal.

(i) Staff recruitment: meaning; sources – internal, external.

(ii) Staff selection procedures.

(iii) Staff training: importance; methods – on the job, off the job; preparation of the training program.

(iv) Staff morale: meaning; the importance of morale; factors affecting morale; methods of raising morale; indicators of low morale; the importance of teamwork.

(v) Staff remuneration: methods – time rate, wage rate, incentive methods (Halsey, Rowan plan), wage records (time card, attendance book, payslip, payroll, etc.).

(vi) Staff motivation: meaning and importance; factors of motivation; Maslow’s theory of the hierarchy of human needs.

(vii) Staff leadership: leadership qualities; leadership styles.

(viii) Staff appraisal: purpose; merits; methods – merit grading, interviewing, reporting.

(ix) Staff promotion and transfer: meaning and importance; basis (seniority vs. ability); the need for promotion policy; process for selection; types of transfer.

(x) Staff dismissal: grounds for dismissal; procedure

Office Communication-

Specific Objectives: At the end of this section pupils should be able to –

Explain the need for efficient communication.
State the barriers to effective communication.
Identify the oral and written methods of communication.
Describe the procedures of handling people at the Reception.
Identify the appropriate use of internal and external communication methods in given circumstances.
Explain the post office service for mail and telecommunication services for telephone, telex, telegram, telefax, etc.
Describe the procedures for incoming and outgoing mail.
List and describe mailroom machines and equipment.
Compose relevant correspondence from available data – letters, memos, etc.
Describe the standard telephone and switchboard equipment.
Outline recent advances in telephone services.
Explain the arrangements to be made by a
Secretary for a meeting.
State the essentials of a meeting.
Identify the different kinds of meetings from the given details.
Prepare reports and minutes of a meeting from given notes.
Explain the role of the chairman.
Explain the procedures and common terms used in meetings.
Explain the use of graphic methods of communication.
Construct a table, or graph, from the given data.
Interpret the graphs or diagrams.
Compose relevant correspondence from available
Data – letters, memos, etc.
Describe the standard telephone and switchboard equipment.
Outline recent advances in telephone services.
Explain the arrangements to be made by a secretary for a meeting.
State the essentials of a meeting.
Identify the different kinds of meetings from the given details.
Prepare reports and minutes of a meeting from given notes.
Explain the role of the chairman.
Explain the procedures and common terms used in meetings.
Explain the use of graphic methods of communication.
Construct a table, graph, from given data.
Interpret the graphs or diagrams.

(i) Meaning and importance of communication and essentials of effective communication.

(ii) Methods: oral, written and visual – face to face communication; reception – qualities of a receptionist, procedure of reception, organization of reception area; interviewing types – appraisal, disciplinary, recruitment, telephone – qualities of an efficient telephone operator, procedure rules for internal and external services, types of calls, modern developments in telephone communication, telephone switch board equipment, others – telex, fax, tele-write, video conferencing, cellular phones, cordless phones, loudspeaking, tele-text, staff locating systems – public address systems, bells and buzzers, lighted signals, wireless signals; written correspondence – essentials of a good business letter, structure of a letter, types of letters (only the following types: application for job, enquiry, quotation, order, complaints, drafting of interview letter, offer of appointment), letter for quick communication (standard letters, blitz reply, monogram, D.O. letters, return memo set), -internal written communication (memos, circulars, office orders), telegrams (types of telegrams, telegraphic addresses, essentials of a telegram, drafting a telegram); report writing – essentials of a good reporter, format simple informal reports (exclude company reports); meetings – meaning, requisites of a valid meeting, types (statutory, annual, extraordinary, board), secretary’s duties, preparation of notices, agenda, chairman’s role and power, preparation of minutes from given data only, terms used and procedures of meetings; motions; resolutions; adjournment; postponement; voting; proxy; point of order, etc.

(iii) Visual communication and its importance: graphs – nature and types (Z-graph, line-graph, bar graphs); diagrams – nature and types (pictogram pie, histogram); tables – nature and types, presentation of specific data in tabular form.

(iv) Organization of mailroom in a large office: handling of incoming and outgoing mail; mechanical aids used; post office services used.

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SOURCE: https://www.cisce.org/